De-extinction (1) (1) Essays - Biology, Nature, Extinction

GENERAL BACKGROUND Please read the following resources, watch the Tidal video, and answer the questions below before coming to class. Description of scientific, religious/cultural, legal and ethical questions: https://www.nwabr.org/sites/default/files/LessonStrategies.pdf Paul Root Wole Tidal https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_root_wolpe_it_s_time_to_question_bio_engineering Prelab questions to be completed and uploaded into the drop box before lab: Describe whether the following an ethical, religious/cultural, scientific or legal question and explain why. (There may be more than one correct answer). What type of diet allows for the best athletic performance? High protein and I believe religious a cultural upbringing has a lot to do with it Describe whether the following an ethical, religious/cultural, scientific or legal question and explain why. (There may be more than one correct answer). Should people be able to select the sex of their child in advance? No that would upset the natural balance of the worlds today List three questions that arise from the following scenario and describe the type of question(Scientific, Religious, Cultural, Legal, Ethical, Other): You apply for a job and the employer requests access to your health records, including genetic tests you may have had. It is against tour predilection to disease and injury law they could discriminate due to health history. Legal they could see or interpret the fact that you are of a certain ethnic group and discrimination law or they could see What did you find interesting or innovative in the PROW Tidal? What did you find most concerning I thought that? De-EXTINCTION Please read through the following resources and answer the questions below before coming to class. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/09/should-we-bring-extinct-species-back-dead http://escholarship.org/uc/item/18h9k112#page-1 http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x70q4nk#page-1 Topic Questions to be completed and uploaded into the drop box before lab: What is De-extinction? resurrection biology, or species revivalism is the process of creating an organism, which is either a member of, or resembles anextinct species, or breeding population of such organisms. In David Schultz's article, he mentions three methods for de-extinction. What are they? Back breeding, getting a species that have traits like the extinct species. And breed these animals to resembles the extinct animal Cloning Genetic engineering What are some environmental considerations surrounding de-extinction? Cannot control what happens there could be a spread of disease or effect to the environment that are unforeseen, can be hard to introduce or reintroduce a new species What animals makes an animal a suitable candidate for de-extinction? . Select target species with unique functions concentrate on species that went extinct recently work with species that can be restore ecological function. What are some characteristics that make an animal a poor candidate for de-extinction? Was the animal or species important historically how did they enhance our lives What are the most compelling reasons that we should pursue de-extinction? I personally do not think there are any What are the most compelling reasons that we should not pursue de-extinction? Because it is against the natural order of things Do you believe de-extinction should be pursued? And does it make a difference if the species has gone extinct due to human activity? No and NO

Interlanguage and the Error analysis Essays

Interlanguage and the Error analysis Essays Interlanguage and the Error analysis Essay Interlanguage and the Error analysis Essay The learners developing second language knowledge. It may have characteristics of the learners native language, characteristics of the second language, and some characteristics which seem to be very general and tend to occur in all or most interlanguage systems. Interlanguages are systematic, but they are also dynamic, continually evolving as learners receive more input and revise their hypotheses about the second language. L2 learners process through an interlanguage, which is an independent knowledge of L1 and L2 system. Interlanguage is systematic, because the learner selects the rules systematically, learners bases plans on the rule system, in the same way as the native speaker bases on the internalized knowledge of L1 system. Interlanguage is dynamic; learners interlanguage is constantly changing. The learner revises the interim system to accommodate new hypotheses about L2 system. (First introduction the new rule in one context and than another, and so on) The term interlanguage was first issued by Selinker (1972) Interlanguage refers to the structured system which learner constructs at any given stage in the development. Interlanguage refers to the series of interlocking system which form the learners built-in syllabus Corder L2 learner progress along the interlanguage continuum in the same way as it was in L1. Both L1 and L2 learners make errors in order to test out certain hypothesis about the nature of the language they are learning. The 5 principle together constitute the way in which the learner tries to internalize the L2 system. Learners have limited space for processing, cannot cope with the complex language system. Some L2 learners fail to reach the target language, because they do not reach the end of the interlanguage continuum, stop learning, when their interlanguage contains some rules different from the rules of the target language. This is called fossilization. Fossilization occurs in most language learners. Fossilized structure can be realized as errors or as correct target language forms. If the learner has reached the stage of development, in which 1 feature in the interlanguage has assumed the same form in the target language, than fossilization of the correct form will occur. If the learner has reached the stage of development in which the feature does not have the same form as the target language, the fossilization will occur as an error. In that case the fossilization occur, because the learner believes that he does not need to develop his interlanguage any further, in order to communicate effectively. We know from Chomsky, that children acquire languages, because of the existence of the childs acquisition device, which changes with age and its not possible after puberty. The question: How do adults succeed in learning L2, if the acquisition device is not possible for them any more? As Selinker argued that those adults, who successfully achieve native-speaker proficiency in the TL, do so, because they continue to make use of acquisition device and they are able to transform the universal grammar into the structure of the grammar of the target language. But those adults who cannot achieve proficiency is because, they are unable to reactivate the acquisition device. Until 1960, the prevention of errors was more important, than the identification of errors. It was Corder, who first realised the importance of analysing the learners errors (1967). As I said before, both L1L2 learners make errors in order to test out certain hypothesis about the nature of the language, they are learning. Corder saw the making of errors as a strategy, evidence of learners internal processing. This was in opposition of the view of behaviourist psychology, presented in the Contrastive Analysis before. Because Contrastive analysis believed that errors produced by the L2 learner, result from the interference of L1,Contrastive analysis was based on the comparison of L1 and L2, and teacher were aware of the errors. The new interest in errors was the recognition that they provide information about the process of acquisition.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Strengths and Difficulties Essay

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for measuring emotional andor behavioural difficulties in children or adolescents - Essay Example This paper is going to account for a survey conducted on the basis of particular objectives. The SDQ acts a psychometric tool to assess multifaceted academic as well as nonacademic parameters for defining the self. (Rush et al., p. 370) As a behavioural screening instrument, the SDQ has earned itself an international status by virtue of its effectiveness. Extensive research studies and surveys are carried out prior to an SDQ so that all probable measuring constructs are utilised to their fullest potential. The calculative scales include 1) Emotional symptoms, 2) Conduct problems, 3) Hyperactivity / Inattention, 4) Peer problems and 5) Prosocial behaviour. Generally all the 5 measuring components are taken into consideration for a thorough and result-oriented investigation. (Goodman, 1997) Departing from the broader context of SDQs, this assignment zooms on the inventories obtained and used for looking into behavioural difficulties in native Australian children. Quantitative analysis is generally preferred to quantitative scoring since the former approach incorporates more statistical data. The logic behind taking a huge quantity for an authentic and reliable result is that it nullifies the risk of errors in categorisation for scores that are just above and below the accepted cut-off parameter. For example, if the cut off point for a specific diagnosis is set as 15, any score just above and below 15 (such as 14 and 16) is... The indigenous grouping was preferred to random selection on the basis of social and psychological relatedness among the candidates. They were picked from urban areas and outskirts of Western Australia. (Western Australia Aboriginal Child Health Survey, 2007) The teacher report was designed as per the standardised measuring scale format, including the previously mentioned 25 psychological attributes. The teacher version of the questionnaire demonstrated credibility as far as representing the community sample is concerned, and it also identified different classes of disorders within the non-subjective sample. (Muris et al., 1-8) Based on the findings, the total Strength and Difficulties score arrayed from 0 to 40. Those who aggregated scores between 0 and 13 were classified into low risk category; those who aggregated scores between 14 and 16 were grouped under moderate risk and the rest scoring between 17 and 40 were reported to have high risk as far as emotional and/or behavioural difficulties was concerned. Needless to mention, the high risk category needed special clinical attention. In this project, scores obtained the first 4 of the 5 scales were amassed initially to measure the Strength and Difficulties sum score. The following table illustrates on this furthermore: SDQ Teacher Rated Score Sheet: Total Difficulties Score (25 Items) Emotional Symptoms Scale (Score Range 0-10) Not True Somewhat True Certainly True Score Often complains of headaches, stomach-aches Many worries, often seems worried Often unhappy, depressed or tearful Nervous or clingy in alien situation Many fears, easily scared Total= Conduct Problems Scale (Score Range 0-10) Not True Somewhat True Certainly True Score Often has temper tantrums or hot

Intro to Criminal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intro to Criminal Justice - Coursework Example Finally, the Uniformed Police System came into existence. Sir Robert Peel II drafted the Metropolitan Police Act in 1829 in which the first large-scale, uniformed, organized, paid, civil police force was created in London. This model operated within the principles of crime prevention as the mission of policing, collaborative effort from the police and people, improving police efficiency, and strengthening the responsibility of the police as enforcers of law. 2. Due to the fact that fines did not suffice to persuade people in America during the 1700s into fulfilling their police duties, America realized the need for a salaried and full-time police force. Philadelphia started implementing laws that would establish the salaried and full-time police force. First, it implemented a law that allowed constables to hire as many guards as they required, and the second law was about paying taxes to support the salaries of the police force. Unfortunately, due to the growing population and crime rate in America, this system of policing seemed to not work anymore. In 1800s, the country adopted England's paid, full-time, and uniformed police force. However, due to the low salary of the police officers, issue on bribery and other forms of corruption surfaced and became major concerns in the country. 3. In response to the growing problems that the policing system in America faced, August Vollmer established a new model of policing that greatly improved law enforcement during this time. Vollmer believed that police work must be considered a profession and as professionals they were supposed to serve the people without any biases. He also believed that law enforcement must be free from any political influence. Vollmer also perceived that to improve the police force officers must act and behave like true leaders, and the standards for becoming officers must be reviewed and raised. The new policing system created by Vollmer had the first basic records system in America. There were also special schools designated for the study of law, evidence procedures, and criminology. Vollmer also established the use of scientific investigation of a crime, and the use of motorcycle and automobile patrols. It was also during his time the the first lie detector instrument was used and the first fingerprint system was established. 4. Community policing is based on the premise that police officers are not capable of controlling the crime all by themselves. They need the assistance and cooperation of the people to prevent and control crime within a certain community. In order to successfully do community policing, there must be a good and strong police community relations. Community policing also requires police officers to participate in programs like neighborhood watch, mini-and storefront police stations, police-sponsored athletic leagues, and citizen auxiliary police. Meanwhile, the broken windows theory pertains to neighborhood signs of deterioration. This further means th at a single sign of disorder in a community signifies a downward spiral of deterioration, neighborhood decline, and increasing crime. 5. The first system of law enforcement is local police, and this system is responsible for controlling traffic, patrolling streets, and investigating crimes within a community

Cultural competence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural competence - Assignment Example knows what question to ask.’’ Nurses are more likely to attain culturally competent cross cultural care when the multifaceted combination of cultural knowledge, consciousness, attitudes and skill are used enthusiastically for cultural evaluation of patient’s health beliefs and practices, and for negotiating culturally harmonizing health interventions through expertise cross cultural communication. Health care providers can employ a number of strategies of cultural competence in their practice so as to deliver effectively; for instance, cultural accommodations can have a big payoff for patient’s emotional well-being because it supports and facilitates the use of cultural practices that have not been proven harmful, a good case study is placing a metal object such as coin or key on the umbilicus of a new-born child, which is understood to promote healing according to some societies (Srivastava,2007). However, for accommodation of culture to work, it is upon the nurse to have the prior knowledge of the culture from other sources, direct assessment and conversations. Implementing this strategy I quite involving because it requires the health provider to go extra mile in acquiring the relevant information related to a particular culture. Cultural preservation support clients in maintaining those aspects of their culture that promotes healthy behaviors. The health provider will support the use of systematically sound practices such as acupuncture for managing pain in a patient as well as interventions from biomedical health care systems such as using lower doses of opioid analgesics. However, this might be a challenge due to stereotype, other health care givers will ascribe to certain beliefs and behaviors to their patients without really understanding the individual differences within the groups (Ivanov & Blue, 2007). Cultural repatterning involves working with the patient health promoting behaviors. A health provider will work with the patient in order to

Relationship Between Profitability and Liquidity

Relationship Between Profitability and Liquidity CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This study empirically examines the relationship between profitability and liquidity, of insurance companies in Mauritius by using regression models and correlation analysis. The goal of any business is to make profits. If it does not make profit, it will soon go out of existence. Business need to ensure that it has enough money not only to cover expenses, but ensures that something is left over. Profitability of a company can be affected by many factors, among which there is liquidity. Every stakeholder has an interest in the liquidity position of his related company. Employees are also having interest in the liquidity of their company in order to know whether the company can meet its employees related obligations that are salary, pension, and provident fund. Shareholders are interested in understanding the liquidity due to its huge impact on the profitability. One can understand the liquidity position by analyzing the financial statements of a company. Liquidity position of a company can examined through financing decisions or investment decisions. 1.1 Definition of Liquidity Liquidity is defined as the ability of a company to meet its short term obligations. It is also the ability of the company to convert its assets into cash. It is more explicitly the ability of a company to meet the cash demands of its policy and contract holders with no or negligible loss (Claire et al., 2000). The assets and liabilities of a company reflect its liquidity profile. Since liquidity risk is inherent in the financial institutions, one must be able to understand measure, monitor and manage this risk (Douglas and Raghuram, 2001). Liquidity Risk According to Claire et al., (2000), liquidity is the ability to meet expected and unexpected demands for cash through ongoing cash flow or the sale of an asset at fair market value. Liquidity risk is the risk that, at a point in time, an entity will be in short of cash or liquid assets to attain its cash obligations (Darling, 1999). This may result in a run-on-the-company event, which is an example of loss due to this risk which causes the collapse of an institution. This type of event can occur during a depression whereby most customers ask to have their cash paid immediately and that demand exceeded cash reserves. Other less dramatic losses can occur when a company needs to borrow unexpectedly or sell assets at an unanticipated low price (Stewart and Raghuram, 1998) 1.2 Profitability Profitability is defined as the ability of a company to generate income which surpasses its liabilities. Profitability is measured by different ratios such as, Return on Equity (ROE), Price to Earnings Ratio (PER) and Return on Assets (ROA) amongst others. The measurement of profitability is essential to every company (Eljelly, 2004). Insurance regulators either encourage profitability, when concerned with solvency, or seek to limit it, when regulating rates. To investors and insurers, profitability plays an essential role. To policyholders of a stock insurer, it sounds like markup, while to those insured by a mutual company, it has no impact (McClenahan, 1999). Enz and Karl (2001), state that profitability is subject to consistent and accurate determination under a given set of conventions and accounting rules. Profits are important to investors and management as sources of dividends and growth. Profits provide better security against insolvency to insurers and regulators. 1.3 Background on Insurance Sectors in Mauritius The first two insurance companies (Phoenix Assurance Company and the Commercial Union) were set up in 1835 by the British. In 1845, the Mauritius Marine Insurance was formed by Mauritian shareholders. A second Mauritian company was set up called the Mauritius Fire Insurance company in 1854. From that time till date, new companies have emerged. Presently there are 16 insurance companies operating in Mauritius. All these companies are engaged in Life business, General business or both. INSURANCE COMPANY LINE OF OPERATION Anglo Mauritius Assurance Co Ltd Life Insurance Albatross Insurance Co Ltd Life General Insurance British American Insurance Co Ltd Life General Insurance Island Life Assurance Co Ltd Life Insurance Indian Ocean General Assurance Co Ltd Life General Insurance Jubilee Insurance Mauritius Ltd Life General Insurance Llyods Mauritius Co Ltd Life General Insurance La Prudence Mauricienne Assurance Ltd Life General Insurance Lamco International Insurance Ltd Life General Insurance Life Insurance Corporation of India Life Insurance Mauritian Eagle Co Ltd Life General Insurance Mauritius Union Assurance Co Ltd Life General Insurance New India Assurance Company ltd General Insurance Swan Insurance Co Ltd General Insurance State Insurance Company of Mauritius Ltd Life General Insurance Sun Insurance Company Ltd Life General Insurance Table 1.1: List of Insurance Companies and their respective lines of operation 1.3.1 Liquidity issues in Mauritius Each insurance company has their own structures and policies to manage all the risks in their operations including liquidity. In addition, they have to abide by the guidelines on liquidity provided by the Financial Services Commission and Section 23 of the Insurance Act 2005. Insurance companies have also to develop a contingency plan which should help them manage their liquidity on a global consolidated basis. Recent technological and financial innovations have provided insurance companies new means to finance their activities and to manage their liquidity (Vittas, 2003). The liquidity of insurance companies should usually be well planned since the frequency, timing and severity of insurance claims and benefits are quite uncertain (Levene, 2003). Insurance companies obtain their liquidity through (i) Underwriting: Underwriting is calculated as premium revenues subtract payments and operating expenditures; (ii) Investment Income: Investment income consists of dividends, realized capital gains on stocks and coupon payments and principal payments on bonds and (iii) Asset Liquidation: Assets liquidation is primarily concerned with stock sales and bonds on the financial markets (Holden and Ellis, 1993). 1.4 Problem Statement The eventual measure of efficiency of the liquidity planning and control is the effect it has on profitability. The companies preference of high return on assets to increase their profitability affects their liquidity positions. As a result, a study in the insurance sector in Mauritius is carried out to confirm this statement. 1.4.1 Research Objectives The research objectives of the study are as follows: i. To assess the impact of liquidity on profitability of Mauritian insurance companies ii. To determine the relationship between liquidity and profitability iii. To evaluate the impact and significance of the different liquidity ratios on profitability 1.4.2 Aim and Objectives of the Dissertation The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the relation between profitability and liquidity within the Mauritian context, in particular in the insurance sector. An econometric model would be used for this research study. The same model will be used to test the impact of liquidity on profitability of thirteen insurance companies, namely Anglo Mauritius Assurance Co Ltd, Albatross Insurance Co Ltd, British American Insurance Co Ltd, Island Life Assurance Co Ltd, Indian Ocean General Assurance Co Ltd, Jubilee Insurance Mauritius Ltd, Llyods Mauritius Co Ltd, Lamco International Insurance Ltd, Mauritian Eagle Co Ltd, Mauritius Union Assurance Co Ltd, Swan Insurance Co Ltd, State Insurance Company of Mauritius Ltd and Sun Insurance Company Ltd. 1.5 Outline of the Dissertation 1.5.1 Chapter 1: Introduction The introduction gives an overview on liquidity risk and explains why it is an important area for research, in particular in the insurance sector in Mauritius. It gives a clear and concise statement of the aim and objectives of this dissertation. 1.5.2 Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter is wholly a review of existing literature on liquidity and any relevant articles related to liquidity issue have been considered. This will help to put the proposed research in a relevant context and ensure that up-to-date techniques are used for the analysis in this research study. 1.5.3 Chapter 3: Methodology This chapter describes the methods and estimation techniques used to compute estimates of the parameters in the econometric model and explain the equations being used. It also outlines the sources of data collection. Finally, the limitations of the study are outlined in this chapter. 1.5.4 Chapter 4: Results and Findings Chapter 4 presents the Analysis of data and findings. Tables, graphs and figures are usually used in this chapter to better illustrate graphically the results of this research study. The data was analysed using EViews 7 and the findings will be discussed. The latter will enable comparison that will either confirm or contradict expectations. 1.5.5 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations This final chapter presents the conclusions reached based on the findings of the previous chapter. Finally, some suggestions for further research in liquidity will also be presented.

The Net Neighborhood :: Online Communities Internet Web Essays

The Net Neighborhood â€Å"After all†¦I’m just a girl, standing in front of a boy, asking him to love her.† The above is my favorite quote from a movie. I have never really thought about my favorite movie quote until I ran into the question on the teen forums website. I thought the best online community for me to join would be one that I was interested in. I was attracted to the teen forum website which was created by the student center. I picked a message board that I knew I could participate in so that I could actively analyze the interactions between people. Therefore, I picked the movie message board which discusses anything from new movies to favorite movie kiss. The choices are pretty much endless. The name of the website is http://teenforums.studentcenter.org. The boards are set up so that you can choose topics you are interested in. Once you have done that you can read and respond to them. It is a great way to converse with people who love movies. I believe that people use online communities such as this one for comfort, support, or informational reasons. I visited the website every day, sometimes more often then that. As I did this, I observed certain things, for example, what kinds of questions people asked one another. I found it interesting how often people would write and respond to each other. From what I observed, questions were answered within minutes. The reason why responses were answered so quickly is that people contributing to the message board just want people to talk to. For example, someone asked â€Å"What is everyone’s favorite movie?† Specifically, I noticed that I talk on the message boards when I had a lot of time on my hands or if I felt like talking to people. So right away I realized why online communities serve as a comfort. I created a diary for every time that I checked the online message board. I studied and analyzed certain aspects that probably would not strike the common person who uses the online community. The diary is as follows: Thursday February 13th, 6:48 p.m. – I first checked the website during class. I looked at all the topics that people were talking about under the movie message board. The Net Neighborhood :: Online Communities Internet Web Essays The Net Neighborhood â€Å"After all†¦I’m just a girl, standing in front of a boy, asking him to love her.† The above is my favorite quote from a movie. I have never really thought about my favorite movie quote until I ran into the question on the teen forums website. I thought the best online community for me to join would be one that I was interested in. I was attracted to the teen forum website which was created by the student center. I picked a message board that I knew I could participate in so that I could actively analyze the interactions between people. Therefore, I picked the movie message board which discusses anything from new movies to favorite movie kiss. The choices are pretty much endless. The name of the website is http://teenforums.studentcenter.org. The boards are set up so that you can choose topics you are interested in. Once you have done that you can read and respond to them. It is a great way to converse with people who love movies. I believe that people use online communities such as this one for comfort, support, or informational reasons. I visited the website every day, sometimes more often then that. As I did this, I observed certain things, for example, what kinds of questions people asked one another. I found it interesting how often people would write and respond to each other. From what I observed, questions were answered within minutes. The reason why responses were answered so quickly is that people contributing to the message board just want people to talk to. For example, someone asked â€Å"What is everyone’s favorite movie?† Specifically, I noticed that I talk on the message boards when I had a lot of time on my hands or if I felt like talking to people. So right away I realized why online communities serve as a comfort. I created a diary for every time that I checked the online message board. I studied and analyzed certain aspects that probably would not strike the common person who uses the online community. The diary is as follows: Thursday February 13th, 6:48 p.m. – I first checked the website during class. I looked at all the topics that people were talking about under the movie message board.